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  • Golfers Elbow
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Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)

  • Key Points
  • Overview
  • Causes
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
  • Prevention
  • Next Steps

Key Points

  • Golfer’s elbow affects the tendons on the inside of the elbow as a result of overuse or repetitive motion.
  • It’s not limited to golfers – any activity that requires repetitive gripping or wrist flexing can cause golfer’s elbow.
  • Common symptoms include inner elbow pain, wrist weakness and difficulty gripping.
  • Treatment for golfer’s elbow might include resting the arm, physical therapy, bracing and in some cases injections.
  • Warming up properly and certain strengthening exercises can help prevent initial injury or recurrence.

Overview

Detailed diagram of medial epicondylitis in the elbow

Medial epicondylitis, more commonly known as golfer’s elbow, is a painful condition where the tendons that attach to the inner part of your elbow become irritated or damaged from overuse. While similar to tennis elbow in many ways, the pain from golfer’s elbow occurs on the inside of the elbow instead of the outside.

Despite the name, you don’t have to play golf to get golfer’s elbow. The pain usually starts where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the medial epicondyle, a bony bump on the inside of your elbow. With overuse, these tendons can become inflamed and painful. As the wrist and forearm muscles are used too much, with repeated motion or gripping, this condition can occur. This can include activities such as gardening, repeated throwing, weightlifting or even using tools like a hammer.


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Causes

What Leads to Golfer’s Elbow?
Golfer’s elbow occurs when the forearm muscles and tendons are repeatedly strained, leading to gradual wear and tiny tears in the tendon that connects to the inner elbow bone, known as the medial epicondyle.

Common causes include:

  • Repetitive golf swings, especially with poor technique
  • Sports that involve repeated throwing such as baseball or softball
  • Using tools like hammers or screwdrivers often
  • Lifting weights incorrectly or too frequently
  • Office or manual jobs with repeated gripping or wrist flexing

Age can also be a factor. Golfer’s elbow occurs more frequently in adults over 40, especially those doing repetitive tasks.


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Symptoms

What Does Golfer’s Elbow Feel Like?
Golfer’s elbow usually starts with a dull or aching pain on the inside of the elbow, right where the forearm muscles attach to the bony bump called the medial epicondyle. The pain or discomfort can happen gradually or suddenly, depending on how the injury developed.

Common signs and symptoms include:

  • Pain or tenderness on the inner elbow, especially when gripping or lifting
  • Stiffness in the elbow or trouble fully extending the arm
  • Weak grip strength where you may notice difficulty holding onto objects or shaking hands
  • Pain that worsens with certain movements, like turning a doorknob, swinging a golf club or lifting a grocery bag

Symptoms often worsen with activity and improve with rest. Without treatment, the pain can become more persistent and interfere with daily tasks or sports performance.


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Diagnosis

How Is Golfer’s Elbow Identified?
Orthopedic providers typically diagnose golfer’s elbow by performing a physical exam where you may be asked to move your arm, wrist or fingers to pinpoint the pain and test strength.

Your provider might also recommend:

  • X-rays – to rule out arthritis or bone problems
  • Ultrasound or MRI – to look for tendon tears or inflammation

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Treatment

Non-Surgical Options
Most people don’t need surgery. With proper care, golfer’s elbow often improves over time.

Common treatments include:

  • Rest: Avoid the activity that caused the pain.
  • Ice: Apply cold packs to reduce swelling.
  • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen help reduce discomfort.
  • Bracing: A counterforce brace or wrist splint can reduce stress on the tendon.
  • Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises are key to healing.
  • Injections: Corticosteroid or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections may reduce inflammation and support recovery.

Surgical Options
Surgery is usually a last resort, although it may be recommended if symptoms persist for more than 6 to 12 months despite other treatments.

Types of surgery to treat golfer’s elbow include:

  • Open surgery: The damaged tissue is removed through a small cut in the elbow.
  • Arthroscopic surgery: Minimally invasive; uses a small camera and tools.

Recovery from surgery may take several weeks, followed by physical therapy.


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Prevention

How to Prevent Golfer’s Elbow from Occurring
Whether you're swinging a golf club, using hand tools, or lifting weights here are some helpful tips to avoid developing golfer’s elbow:

  • Warm up and stretch your arms before physical activity
  • Strengthen forearm and wrist muscles with light exercises
  • Use proper technique in sports and at work
  • Take regular breaks during repetitive tasks
  • Use equipment that fits your size and strength level

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Next Steps

At Riverside Health, we're dedicated to compassionate, collaborative care. We provide a wide range of services, from childbirth to end-of-life care, delivering over 2 million services each year. Our integrated network allows us to support you seamlessly through health, illness, recovery, and wellness. With top clinicians and advanced technology, we’re here for you at convenient locations close to home and work. Visit riversideonline.com.

If you're experiencing symptoms or want to learn more about your treatment options, don’t wait to get treatment.

If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

If your problem is life- or limb-threatening, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Primary Care – Schedule through MyChart or call your provider’s office who you go to for most health care needs.

Orthopedic Specialists - Schedule through MyChart or call 757-534-9988.
(804-693-0529 for Gloucester, 757-302-2700 for the Eastern Shore)

Sports Medicine Hotline – Call 757-534-6767, 7am-10pm, 7 days a week to schedule an appointment with a sports medicine specialist. Same day/next day availability in most cases.
If you’re not sure, call Riverside Nurse 24/7 at 1-800-675-6368


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