Craniopharyngiomas are rare, noncancerous brain tumors that develop in the area of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Although benign, these tumors can have serious effects due to their location near critical brain structures that regulate hormones, cognition, vision and growth.
Most commonly diagnosed in children and young adults, craniopharyngiomas represent approximately 5% of all pediatric brain tumors. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications related to vision, growth, metabolism, and cognitive function.
What Are Craniopharyngiomas?
Craniopharyngioma is a slow-growing tumor that arises from remnants of “Rathke’s cleft,” a structure involved in the development of the glandular fetal growth. These tumors are typically located in the sellar/suprasellar region—near the pituitary gland and the base of the brain.
Craniopharyngiomas may contain both solid and cystic components and often include calcium deposits, which are visible on a CT scan. While histologically benign, their location near vital neurological structures can lead to serious hormonal, visual, and cognitive problems if untreated. They are difficult to completely remove and prone to recurrence.
Who Gets Craniopharyngiomas and When?
Craniopharyngiomas can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in children aged 5 to 14 and in adults over 50. They are equally common in males and females.
These tumors are one of the more common brain tumors seen in children and are often identified after symptoms emerge due to pressure on the optic nerves, pituitary gland, or hypothalamus.
