Cold Sores

What are Cold Sores?

Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are painful blisters that form on or near the lips and are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and sometimes by HSV-2.

Millions of people experience cold sores annually, making it a common condition. This guide explains what causes cold sores, how to recognize symptoms and the treatments available to manage them.

Causes:

What Causes Cold Sores to Occur?

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Once the virus enters the body, it remains dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate due to:

• Stress
• Fatigue
• Illness or fever
• Sun exposure
• Hormonal changes, such as during menstruation
  
  

Risk Factors:

 Some individuals are more at risk for recurring cold sores, including those who:

• Have a weakened immune system.
• Experience frequent stress.
• Have been exposed to someone with an active cold sore.

What are the Symptoms of Cold Sores?

Cold sores typically progress through several stages:

• Tingling and itching: A burning sensation may occur before a blister forms.
• Blisters: Small, fluid-filled blisters appear, often in clusters.
• Oozing and crusting: The blisters burst and form a scab that heals over several days.
  
  

Other symptoms can include:

• Swelling around the affected area.
• Soreness or pain when eating or speaking.
• Mild fever or swollen lymph nodes (in some cases).

How are Cold Sores Diagnosed?

Health care providers diagnose cold sores based on physical examination and symptoms. In some cases, lab tests may be used to confirm the presence of HSV.

How to Treat Cold Sores:

Cold sores have no cure, but treatments can reduce symptoms and speed up healing. Options include:

• Antiviral medications: Creams like acyclovir or oral medications such as valacyclovir can minimize outbreaks.
• Over-the-counter remedies: Lip balms or creams with ingredients like docosanol can provide relief.
• Home care: Applying a cold compress and keeping the area clean can help.

How to Prevent Cold Sores:

You can lower your risk by:

• Avoiding close contact with someone who has an active cold sore.
• Using sunscreen on your lips.
• Reducing stress through wellness strategies like regular workouts and relaxation techniques.

When to Seek Care

Contact a health care provider if:

• Your cold sore doesn’t heal within two weeks.
• You experience severe pain or frequent outbreaks.
• The cold sore spreads to other parts of your body, such as your eyes.
  
  

Cold sores can be bothersome, but with the right care and precautions, you can manage them effectively and reduce their impact on your life.

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