Vaginitis

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that leads to symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation and abnormal discharge. It can affect individuals of all ages but is most common in women of reproductive age. Vaginitis can be caused by infections, hormonal changes or irritants like soaps or spermicides.

Types of Vaginitis

• Bacterial vaginosis (BV): Caused by an imbalance of the natural bacteria in the vagina.
  
• Yeast infections (Candidiasis): Caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungi.
  
• Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by a caused by a parasite.
  
• Non-infectious vaginitis: Caused by irritation from soaps, sprays, or clothing materials.
  
• Atrophic vaginitis: Thinning of the vaginal walls due to decreased estrogen, common after menopause.

What Causes Vaginitis and How to Recognize the Symptoms

Causes:

• Infections: Bacteria, yeast and parasites.
  
• Hormonal changes: Menopause, pregnancy or birth control can affect vaginal health.
  
• Irritants: Douches, scented products or tight clothing.
  
• Sexual Activity: New or multiple partners can increase the risk.
  
  

Symptoms:

• Vaginal itching or irritation
• Abnormal vaginal discharge (color, smell, or consistency)
• Burning sensation, especially during urination
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Pain during intercourse

A health care provider can diagnose vaginitis through:

• Reviewing symptoms and medical history.
• Performing a pelvic exam.
• Taking samples of vaginal discharge for laboratory testing.

Treatment Options and When to Seek Medical Attention

Treatment depends on the type and cause of vaginitis:

• Bacterial Vaginosis: Antibiotics (oral or topical).
• Yeast Infections: Antifungal medications (creams, suppositories or oral tablets).
• Trichomoniasis: Prescription antibiotics.
• Non-Infectious Vaginitis: Avoiding irritants and using soothing treatments like creams.
• Atrophic Vaginitis: Estrogen creams or tablets to restore moisture.
  
  

When to Seek Medical Care:

• First-time experience of vaginal discomfort.
• Symptoms persist after treatment.
• Unusual vaginal bleeding.
• Strong or foul vaginal odor.
• Pain during sex or urination.

How to Prevent Vaginal Infections

• Practice good hygiene and avoid douching.
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear.
• Practice safe sex using condoms.
• Avoid using scented products in the vaginal area.
• Maintain a healthy diet to support immune health.