Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)

An upper respiratory infection (URI) is an infection that affects the nose, throat and airways. Common types include the common cold, sinus infections and laryngitis. URIs are usually caused by viruses and spread easily through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Common Types of URIs

• Common Cold: The most frequent type of URI, leading to runny nose, sore throat and cough.
  
• Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses causing facial pressure and congestion.
  
• Pharyngitis: Sore throat due to irritation or infection.
  
• Laryngitis: Swelling of the larynx leading to hoarseness.
  
• Influenza: More severe viral infection with body aches, fever and fatigue.

Causes:

• Viral Infections: The majority of URIs are caused by viruses like rhinoviruses, influenza viruses and coronaviruses.
• Bacterial Infections: Less common but can occur as secondary infections.
• Airborne Transmission: Spread through coughing, sneezing or touching contaminated surfaces.
  
  

Symptoms:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Sneezing
• Headache
• Mild fever
• Fatigue
• Hoarseness
  
  

Most URIs last about 7-10 days. Some symptoms, like cough, may linger longer. If symptoms worsen or persist, it may indicate a secondary bacterial infection.

How Upper Respiratory Infections Are Diagnosed

A health care provider can diagnose a URI based on symptoms and a physical exam. Laboratory tests are usually not needed unless there is concern for more severe infection.

Effective Treatment Options for Upper Respiratory Infections and When to See a Doctor

• Rest: Adequate rest helps the body recover.
• Fluids: Staying hydrated helps thin mucus and ease congestion.
• Over-the-Counter Medications: Decongestants, pain relievers (like ibuprofen or acetaminophen), and throat lozenges can alleviate symptoms.
• Warm Fluids: Drinking warm liquids like tea or broth can soothe the throat.
• Humidifiers: Using a humidifier adds moisture to the air and helps relieve nasal congestion.
  
  

When to Seek Medical Care:

• Symptoms lasting more than 10 days without improvement.
• High fever that doesn’t go away.
• Difficulty breathing or chest pain.
• Severe headache or facial pain.
• Worsening symptoms after initial improvement.

How to Prevent Upper Respiratory Infections

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
• Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
• Disinfect commonly touched surfaces.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition and sleep.
• Get vaccinated for influenza annually.

If you suspect a URI, focus on rest, hydration and symptom relief. If symptoms worsen or persist, consult a healthcare provider. Practicing good hygiene and staying current with vaccinations can help prevent URIs in the future.

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If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

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