Sinusitis (Sinus Infection)

Sinusitis, commonly called a sinus infection, occurs when the sinuses become inflamed or swollen. The sinuses are hollow cavities in the skull that help filter and humidify the air we breathe. When they become blocked due to infection, allergies or irritation, mucus builds up, leading to discomfort and possible infection.  

Sinusitis can be categorized into different types:

• Acute sinusitis: Lasts less than four weeks and is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
  
• Chronic sinusitis: Persists for more than 12 weeks and may be linked to allergies, nasal polyps or structural issues in the sinuses.
  
• Recurrent sinusitis: Occurs multiple times a year, often due to underlying health conditions.

Causes:

Sinusitis can develop due to various reasons, including:

• Viral infections: Common colds and respiratory viruses often trigger sinus inflammation.
• Bacterial infections: Bacteria can cause prolonged sinus infections that require antibiotics.
• Allergies: Seasonal allergies and exposure to irritants like pollen or dust can lead to chronic sinus issues.
• Nasal polyps: Small growths in the nasal passages can block normal mucus drainage.
• Deviated septum: A misaligned nasal septum can cause recurrent or chronic sinus problems.
  
  

Symptoms:

The symptoms of sinusitis vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include:

• Nasal congestion or a stuffy nose
• Pain or pressure on the face, especially around the forehead, cheeks or eyes
• Headaches that worsen when bending over
• Thick, yellow or green nasal discharge
• Postnasal drip (mucus dripping down the throat)
• Cough, especially at night
• Fever and fatigue in severe cases
  
  

How Long Does Sinusitis Last?

• Acute sinusitis: Usually lasts 10-14 days and often resolves on its own.
  
• Chronic sinusitis: Can persist for months and may require specialized treatment.
  
• Recurrent sinusitis: Happens multiple times a year and often signals an underlying issue.

Health care providers diagnose sinusitis based on current symptoms, medical history and by completing a physical examination. In chronic cases, imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans or nasal endoscopy may be needed to assess the condition of the sinuses.

Sinusitis Treatment: Medications, Home Remedies, and When to See a Doctor

Most cases of sinusitis improve with self-care and medication. Treatment options include:

• Nasal irrigation: Using saline sprays or neti pots to flush out mucus.
• Decongestants: Non-prescription nasal sprays or oral medications may help relieve inflammation.
• Pain relievers: Medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen help manage headaches and facial pain.
• Antibiotics: In the event that a bacterial infection is also discovered, a health care provider will likely prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection.
• Allergy management: Antihistamines and allergy shots can help if allergies trigger sinusitis.
• Surgery: In severe chronic cases, procedures like sinus surgery or balloon sinuplasty may be necessary.
  
  

Seek medical care if you experience:

• Symptoms lasting more than 10 days without improvement
• Severe facial pain or swelling
• High fever (over 102°F)
• Vision changes or persistent headaches
• Frequent sinus infections throughout the year

How to Prevent Sinus Infections: Daily Habits to Keep Your Sinuses Healthy

To lower the risk of sinus infections:

• Use a humidifier: Moist air from a humidifier can make it easier to breathe and soothe your sinuses.
• Manage allergies: Avoid triggers and take allergy medications as needed.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking water helps thin mucus for better drainage.
• Avoid smoke and pollutants: Exposure to cigarette smoke and strong fumes can irritate the sinuses.

If you have persistent sinus symptoms, schedule an appointment with our specialists. Our team is here to provide personalized treatment options and help you find relief from sinus discomfort.

At Riverside Health, we're dedicated to compassionate, collaborative care. We provide a wide range of services, from childbirth to end-of-life care, delivering over 2 million services each year. Our integrated network allows us to support you seamlessly through health, illness, recovery, and wellness. With top clinicians and advanced technology, we’re here for you at convenient locations close to home and work. Visit riversideonline.com.

If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

If your problem is life- or limb-threatening, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Primary Care – Schedule through MyChart or call your provider’s office who you go to for most health care needs.

Virtual Clinic – Schedule through MyChart or click Here to learn more about Primary Care On Demand.

MD Express Urgent Care – Click Here to find a location near you for after-hours care or when your primary care provider is not available. Open 9am-9pm, Mon-Sun.

If you’re not sure, call Riverside Nurse 24/7 at 1-800-675-6368