Ringworm

What Is Ringworm?

Ringworm, also known as tinea corporis, is a contagious fungal infection that affects the skin. Despite its name, ringworm is not caused by a worm but by fungi called dermatophytes. The infection creates a characteristic red, circular rash with clear or scaly skin in the middle. It can appear anywhere on the body but is most common on the arms, legs and trunk.

Other forms of ringworm include:

• Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm): Common in children, leading to scaly patches and hair loss.
  
• Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot): Affects the feet, causing itching and cracking skin.
  
• Tinea cruris (jock itch): Affects the groin area, causing redness and irritation.
  
• Tinea unguium (nail fungus): Affects fingernails or toenails, making them thick and discolored.
  
  

Ringworm is highly contagious and spreads through contact with infected people, animals, or contaminated objects like towels, clothing or gym equipment.

Causes of Ringworm

Ringworm is caused by dermatophyte fungi, which thrive in warm, moist environments. Common ways the infection spreads include:

• Person-to-person contact: Direct skin contact with someone who has ringworm.
• Animal-to-human contact: Pets, especially cats and dogs, can carry the fungus.
• Object-to-human contact: Sharing items like combs, towels or gym equipment.
• Soil-to-human contact: Less commonly, dermatophytes can live in soil and infect humans through direct contact.
  
  

Symptoms:
The most recognizable symptom of ringworm is a circular, scaly, red rash that may be itchy or inflamed. Other symptoms depend on the affected area:

• Skin ringworm: Red, ring-shaped patches that may blister or ooze.
• Scalp ringworm: Scaly, bald patches that may cause itching.
• Foot ringworm (athlete’s foot): Itching, burning, and cracked skin between the toes.
• Groin ringworm (jock itch): Redness, itching, and chafing in the groin area.
• Nail ringworm: Thickened, brittle, or discolored nails.
  
  

Health care providers can usually diagnose ringworm by examining the rash. In some cases, a skin scraping or fungal culture may be tested under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

Ringworm Treatment Options

Most mild cases of ringworm can be treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams, while more severe infections may require prescription medications. With treatment, ringworm typically clears up within two to four weeks. Without treatment, it can persist for months and spread to other areas of the body. Common treatments include:

• Topical antifungal creams: Clotrimazole, terbinafine or miconazole are effective for skin infections.
• Oral antifungal medications: For scalp ringworm or severe cases, doctors may prescribe terbinafine or griseofulvin.
• Hygiene practices: Keeping affected areas clean and dry helps prevent the spread of infection.
  
  

Consult a health care provider if:

• The infection does not improve with over-the-counter treatments.
• The rash spreads or becomes painful.
• You have ringworm on the scalp or nails, which require prescription medication.

How to Prevent Ringworm

To reduce the risk of ringworm, follow these preventive measures:

• Keep skin clean and dry: Fungi thrive in moist environments.
• Avoid sharing personal items: Do not share towels, clothing or sports gear.
• Wash hands frequently: Especially after touching pets or using shared equipment.
• Wear protective footwear: In public showers, locker rooms and swimming pools.
• Treat infected pets: If a pet has bald patches or signs of ringworm, consult a veterinarian.

If you suspect ringworm, start treatment immediately with antifungal creams and maintain good hygiene. If the infection persists or worsens, seek medical advice for prescription treatments. Practicing good hygiene and avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or animals can help prevent future infections.

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