Mononucleosis

What is Mononucleosis?

Mononucleosis, or "mono," is a viral infection that primarily affects teenagers and young adults. It is most commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a type of herpes virus. Mono is known for causing extreme fatigue, sore throat, fever and swollen lymph nodes. While it can make people feel very ill, it usually resolves on its own with rest and supportive care.

• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): The primary cause of mono.
• Saliva transmission: Mono spreads through direct contact with saliva, such as kissing, sharing drinks, or using the same utensils.
• Coughing and sneezing: Respiratory droplets from an infected person can also carry the virus.
• Contact with infected surfaces: Less commonly, touching contaminated objects can lead to infection.
  
  

Is Mononucleosis Contagious?

Yes, mononucleosis is contagious. EBV spreads primarily through saliva, so it is easily transmitted through close personal contact. While mono is most contagious during the first few weeks of illness, the virus can remain in the body and be shed intermittently in saliva for months after symptoms disappear.

To prevent spreading mono:

• Avoid sharing drinks, utensils or toothbrushes.
• Wash hands regularly.
• Cover coughs and sneezes.
• Avoid kissing or close contact with someone who has mono.

Common Symptoms of Mononucleosis Include:

• Extreme tiredness or fatigue
• Sore throat, sometimes severe
• Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck
• Fever
• Headache
• Swollen tonsils
• Loss of appetite
• Skin rash (in some cases)
• Enlarged spleen or liver (less common but possible)

How is Mononucleosis Diagnosed?

Health care providers diagnose mono by reviewing the patient’s symptoms and performing a physical exam. Additional tests may include:

• Monospot test: A rapid blood test to detect EBV antibodies.
• Complete blood count (CBC): To check for elevated white blood cells.
• EBV-specific antibody test: Can confirm an EBV infection if necessary.

There is no cure for mononucleosis, but symptoms can be managed with supportive care:

• Rest: Fatigue is a major symptom, so getting plenty of sleep is essential.
• Hydration: Drinking fluids helps prevent dehydration.
• Pain relief: Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can reduce fever and sore throat pain.
• Gargling salt water: Helps reduce sore throat pain and inflammation.
• Avoid strenuous activities: Since mono can cause an enlarged spleen, avoiding heavy lifting or contact sports is crucial to prevent injury.
  
  

When to See a Health Care Provider:

Consult a health care provider if:

• Symptoms persist for more than a few weeks.
• Your throat pain is severe or you have difficulty swallowing.
• There is significant swelling in the abdomen (possible spleen enlargement).
• You have trouble breathing.

While there is no vaccine for mono, you can reduce your risk of contracting it by:

• Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing.
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
• Not sharing personal items like drinks or eating utensils.
  
  

Living with Mononucleosis

Most people recover from mononucleosis within two to four weeks, but fatigue can last longer. Taking care of your body with rest, hydration, and nutritious foods can help speed up recovery.

If you or a loved one have symptoms of mono, Riverside Health is here to provide expert care and guidance to help you recover as quickly and safely as possible.

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