What is Measles?

Measles is a viral infection that spreads easily from person to person through coughs and sneezes. Measles mainly impacts children but can also affect people of any age who haven’t been vaccinated. The illness usually starts with symptoms similar to the flu, followed by a noticeable red rash that spreads across the body.

Outbreaks continue to happen, particularly in places where vaccination coverage is low.

Other Names for Measles

• Rubeola
• Morbilli
• Red measles

Symptoms of Measles

Measles symptoms usually appear in 7–14 days after exposure and can include:

• High fever (often over 101°F)
• Dry cough
• Runny nose (coryza)
• Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
• Small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)
• A red, blotchy rash that starts on the face and spreads down the body
  
  

Causes of Measles

Measles is caused by a virus which is spreads by:

• Respiratory droplets: When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the virus can remain in the air or land on surfaces for several hours.
• Direct contact: Touching a contaminated surface and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.
• Close contact: Being near an infected person increases the risk of transmission.

Health care providers diagnose measles based on:

• A physical examination and symptom review.
• The presence of Koplik spots inside the mouth.
• A blood test or throat swab to confirm the measles virus.

Treatment for Measles

Since measles is caused by a virus, there is no specific antiviral treatment. Supportive care helps manage symptoms and prevent complications:

• Rest and hydration: Drinking fluids and getting plenty of rest can aid recovery.
• Fever reducers: Medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help lower fever and relieve discomfort.
• Vitamin A supplements: Recommended for children with measles to reduce complications.
  
• Isolation: Staying away from others helps prevent the spread of the virus.
  
  

When to Seek Medical Care

Contact a healthcare provider if:

• Symptoms worsen or last longer than expected.
• Breathing difficulties or chest pain develop.
• Severe dehydration occurs.
• Seizures or confusion arise.

Prevention of Measles

• Get vaccinated: The MMR vaccine is the best protection against measles.
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals: If an outbreak occurs, limit exposure.
• Practice good hygiene: Frequent handwashing and covering coughs/sneezes can help prevent spread.
• Check vaccination records: Ensure all family members are up to date on immunizations.

If you or your child has symptoms of measles, seek medical attention promptly. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection and protect against outbreaks. Keeping communities immunized helps reduce the spread of measles and prevents serious complications.

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If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

If your problem is life- or limb-threatening, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Primary Care – Schedule through MyChart or call your provider’s office who you go to for most health care needs.

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If you’re not sure, call Riverside Nurse 24/7 at 1-800-675-6368