Ear Infections

What is an Ear Infection?

An ear infection occurs when bacteria or viruses cause inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear. This can lead to pain, pressure, and temporary hearing problems. Middle ear infections (otitis media) are the most common, especially in young children. While many infections improve on their own, some require treatment to prevent complications.

You may be at a higher risk for ear infections if you:

• Are under the age of 5, as children have smaller, more horizontal Eustachian tubes.
• Have allergies, colds or sinus infections that cause nasal congestion.
• Are exposed to secondhand smoke.
• Attend daycare or are in close contact with other children.
• Have a family history of frequent ear infections.

Ear infection symptoms can vary but often include:

• Ear pain (sharp, throbbing, or dull)
• Trouble hearing or feeling like the ear is clogged
• Drainage of fluid from the ear
• Fever (especially in children)
• Balance problems or dizziness
• Irritability or trouble sleeping in young children

A health care provider can diagnose an ear infection by:

• Examining the ear with an otoscope to check for redness, swelling or fluid.
• Testing hearing if infections are frequent or affect balance.

Treatments for an ear infection are based on what is causing it and how severe the infection is:

• Mild infections often clear up on their own within a few days.
• Pain relief can include warm compresses, over-the-counter pain relievers (acetaminophen or ibuprofen), and ear drops.
• Antibiotics may be prescribed if symptoms are severe, last more than a few days, or if the infection is bacterial.
• Ear tubes may be recommended with chronic infections to help drain fluid and prevent future infections.

The best ways to reduce the risk of middle ear infections include:

• Washing hands often to prevent infections.
• Avoiding secondhand smoke.
• Staying up to date on vaccines, including the flu shot and pneumococcal vaccine.
• Breastfeeding infants when possible, as it boosts the immune system.
• Keeping babies upright while feeding to prevent fluid buildup in the ears.

When to Seek Care:

You should see a health care provider if:

• Symptoms last more than two days or worsen.
• There is fluid, pus, or blood draining from the ear.
• You or your child experience hearing loss or severe pain.
• Ear infections occur frequently.
  
  

If you or your child has ear infection symptoms, schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider. Proper treatment can help relieve pain and prevent complications.

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If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

If your problem is life- or limb-threatening, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Primary Care – Schedule through MyChart or call your provider’s office who you go to for most health care needs.

Virtual Clinic – Schedule through MyChart or click Here to learn more about Primary Care On Demand.

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If you’re not sure, call Riverside Nurse 24/7 at 1-800-675-6368