Chicken Pox (Varicella)

What is the Chicken Pox?

Chicken pox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person’s rash. The illness generally lasts about a week, with symptoms progressing from fever and fatigue to an itchy rash that scabs over. With the widespread use of the chickenpox vaccine, cases have significantly declined. However, individuals who have had chicken pox may later develop shingles a related condition caused by the same virus.

Who is at Risk for the Chicken Pox?

You may be at higher risk if you:

• Have never had chicken pox or the vaccine.
• Are a child under 12.
• Are pregnant and not immune.
• Have a weakened immune system due to illness or medications.

The first symptoms of chicken pox appear 1-2 days before the rash and may include:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Headache
  
  

The rash progresses in three stages:

1. Red spots appear on the face, chest, and back.
2. Fluid-filled blisters develop, causing intense itching.
3. Blisters break, scab over, and heal within a week.
   
   

Chicken pox is contagious until all blisters have crusted over.

How is the Chicken Pox Diagnosed?

A health care provider can diagnose chicken pox through a physical examination of the rash and a review of symptoms. In rare cases, laboratory tests, such as blood tests or fluid samples, may be used to confirm the presence of the varicella-zoster virus.

How is the Chicken Pox Treated?

Most cases of chicken pox are mild and can be managed at home with:

• Rest and fluids to stay hydrated.
• Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (avoid aspirin).
• Antihistamines or calamine lotion for itching.
• Oatmeal baths to soothe irritated skin.
• Keeping fingernails short to prevent scratching and infection.
  
  

For high-risk patients, antiviral medications such as acyclovir may be prescribed to reduce symptom severity and duration.

How to Prevent Exposure to the Chicken Pox?

The best way to prevent chicken pox is through vaccination. Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected individuals can also help reduce the risk of exposure.

When to Seek Care

You should contact a health care provider if:

• The fever lasts more than four days or exceeds 102°F.
• The rash spreads to the eyes or appears infected.
• Breathing difficulties develop.
• A newborn, pregnant woman, or immunocompromised person is exposed to chicken pox
  
  

If you or your child show symptoms of chicken pox, schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider. Those who haven’t been vaccinated should discuss immunization options. For more information, visit our blog or contact Riverside Health System for guidance.

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