Acne Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Overview

What is Acne?

Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles get blocked by oil, dead skin cells and bacteria. It is most common among teenagers but can affect people of all ages. Acne can appear as blackheads, whiteheads, pimples or cysts. While not a serious health risk, it can cause discomfort and affect self-confidence.

Symptoms and Causes

Common Symptoms:

Blackheads (open clogged pores)

Whiteheads (closed clogged pores)

Pimples (red, inflamed spots with pus)

Cysts (painful, deep lumps under the skin)

Oily skin

Scarring or dark spots after breakouts

Causes of Acne:

Hormones: Changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menstruation can trigger acne.

Excess oil production: When the skin makes too much oil, pores can become clogged.

Bacteria: A bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes can cause inflammation and pimples.

Clogged pores: Dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, leading to breakouts.

Diet & lifestyle: High sugar foods, stress and certain skincare products may contribute to acne.

Is Acne Contagious?

No, acne is not contagious. It cannot be spread from person to person through contact. However, genetics and lifestyle factors can influence whether someone develops acne.

Adult Acne

Acne is not just a teenage problem—many adults experience breakouts well into their 20s, 30s and beyond.

Causes of Adult Acne:

Hormonal fluctuations: Changes in hormones due to pregnancy, menopause, or stress can trigger acne.

Stress: High levels of stress increase cortisol, which can lead to oil production and breakouts.

Skincare and makeup products: Some products contain ingredients that clog pores, causing breakouts.

Diet: Certain foods, especially those high in sugar or dairy, may contribute to acne.

Medical conditions: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to persistent acne.

Diagnosis and Treatment

How is Acne Diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose acne by examining the skin and identifying the types of blemishes present. In some cases, a dermatologist may recommend tests to check for hormonal imbalances.

Treatment Options There are many ways to treat acne, depending on its severity:

Over-the-counter skincare: Face washes with benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid can help unclog pores.

Prescription medications: A doctor may prescribe topical creams, antibiotics or retinoids to reduce breakouts.

Lifestyle changes: Washing the face twice a day, avoiding heavy makeup and not touching the face can help.

Professional treatments: In severe cases, dermatologists may suggest chemical peels, laser therapy or drainage procedures for cystic acne.

When to See a Doctor Consult a doctor if:

Acne is painful or severe.

Over-the-counter treatments do not work.

There are signs of infection, such as swelling or pus.

Acne is causing emotional distress or scarring.

Prevention

While not all acne can be prevented, these steps can help:

Wash your face daily with a gentle cleanser.
Avoid harsh scrubbing, which can irritate the skin.
Use non-comedogenic skincare and makeup to prevent clogged pores.
Manage stress, as high stress levels can worsen acne.
Eat a balanced diet with less sugar and processed foods.

Living with Acne

Acne can be frustrating, but there are many treatment options available. Taking care of your skin with the right routine and seeking professional advice when needed can help improve breakouts and keep your skin healthy.

Acne

Key Points