Common Cold

What is the Common Cold?

The common cold, often referred to as an upper respiratory infection, is one of the most widespread illnesses globally. It is caused by a variety of viruses, with rhinovirus being the most common. Though generally harmless, colds can cause discomfort with symptoms like a runny nose, sore throat, and sneezing. The condition affects people of all ages, particularly during colder months. This guide will cover causes, symptoms, treatments, and when to seek care.

Causes of the Common Cold:

The common cold spreads through droplets released when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or talks. Touching contaminated surfaces and then your face can also lead to infection.

Risk Factors:

• Close contact with someone who is infected.
• Weakened immune systems due to stress, lack of sleep, or preexisting conditions.
• Crowded spaces like schools or public transportation.

Common symptoms of a cold include:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat
• Sneezing
• Mild cough
• Fatigue or feeling generally unwell
  
  

Symptoms usually appear 1-3 days after exposure and peak within 2-3 days. If left untreated, symptoms often resolve within a week but may linger longer.

Colds are usually diagnosed based on symptoms. At Riverside, our healthcare providers may perform a physical exam to rule out other conditions, such as the flu or strep throat. Advanced diagnostic tools are rarely needed unless complications arise.

Currently, there is no cure for the common cold, but treatments focus on relieving symptoms. At Riverside, we recommend:

• Hydration: Fluids can help break up mucus so it’s easier to get rid of.
• Rest: Giving your body time to recover.
• Over-the-counter medications: These can alleviate symptoms like congestion and fever.
• Humidifiers: Adding moisture to the air can ease nasal irritation.
  
  

Avoid antibiotics, as colds are caused by viruses, not bacteria.

How to Help Prevent the Common Cold

• Wash hands regularly with soap and water.
• Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.
• Disinfect frequently touched surfaces.

When to Seek Care

Most colds resolve on their own, but seek medical attention if you experience:

• High fever (above 102°F or 39°C)
• Severe sore throat or difficulty swallowing
• Symptoms lasting longer than 10 days
• Signs of secondary infections like sinusitis or bronchitis
  
  

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms, Riverside is here to help.

At Riverside Health, we're dedicated to compassionate, collaborative care. We provide a wide range of services, from childbirth to end-of-life care, delivering over 2 million services each year. Our integrated network allows us to support you seamlessly through health, illness, recovery, and wellness. With top clinicians and advanced technology, we’re here for you at convenient locations close to home and work. Visit riversideonline.com.

If you’re wondering where the best place is to get care, please see our guide below:

If your problem is life- or limb-threatening, call 911 or go to the emergency room.

Primary Care – Schedule through MyChart or call your provider’s office who you go to for most health care needs.

Virtual Clinic – Schedule through MyChart or click Here to learn more about Primary Care On Demand.

MD Express Urgent Care – Click Here to find a location near you for after-hours care or when your primary care provider is not available. Open 9am-9pm, Mon-Sun.

If you’re not sure, call Riverside Nurse 24/7 at 1-800-675-6368