Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test

What Is the Hemoglobin A1C Test?

The Hemoglobin A1C test, often called the A1C or HbA1c test, is a simple blood test used to measure your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It’s one of the most important tools for diagnosing and managing diabetes and prediabetes.

Unlike daily fingerstick glucose tests, the A1C provides a long-term view of blood sugar trends, helping your care team understand how well your diabetes is being managed.

Why Is the HbA1C Test Done?

Doctors use the A1C test to:

• Diagnose prediabetes or type 2 diabetes
• Monitor blood sugar control in people with diabetes
• Assess treatment effectiveness and adjust medications or lifestyle changes
  
  

This test is typically done:

• At diagnosis
• 2 to 4 times per year, depending on diabetes control
• During routine checkups for patients at risk of developing diabetes

What Happens During the Test?

The A1C test is quick and simple. Here’s what you can expect:

• No fasting required—you can eat and drink normally before the test
• A small blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm or a fingerstick
• The test takes just a few minutes and can be done at your doctor’s office or a lab
  
  

Understanding the Results

Your A1C result is given as a percentage:

• Below 5.7% = Normal
• 5.7% to 6.4% = Prediabetes
• 6.5% or higher = Diabetes
  
  

For people with diabetes, most healthcare providers aim for an A1C of below 7%, though individual goals may vary.

The A1C test is very safe. Possible but rare risks include:

• Mild pain or bruising at the needle site
• Temporary dizziness during blood draw (in some people)
  
  

There are no serious risks, and you can return to normal activities immediately after the blood test.