Your oncologist may order a cystoscopy or a proctoscopy to determine if the cancer has spread to the bladder or lower digestive tract.
These tests use a lighted tube to view the inside of the bladder and urethra (cystoscopy) or the anus, rectum and lower colon (proctoscopy). Both these procedures allow the doctor to have a direct look at these areas and to perform additional biopsies.
In most cases, the tests can be performed in the doctor's office or at one of Riverside's clinics unless general or spinal anesthesia is recommended.