Insect Bites and Stings

What Are Insect Bites and Stings?

An insect bite or sting occurs when the insect releases saliva or venom into the skin. Bites, like those from mosquitoes and ticks, often cause mild irritation. Stings, from bees or wasps, can be more painful and may lead to serious allergic reactions in some people.

Common Causes of Insect Bites and Stings

• Mosquitoes: Red, itchy bumps caused by saliva injected while feeding.
• Bees and wasps: Painful stings that can cause swelling and allergic reactions.
• Ticks: Bites that can lead to Lyme disease or other infections.
• Spiders: Some bites, like those from black widows or brown recluses, can be serious and require medical attention.
• Bed Bugs: Small red bumps in clusters, usually appearing overnight.

Common Symptoms of Insect Bites and Stings

• Redness and swelling
• Itching or burning sensation
• Pain or tenderness
• Blisters or rash
• In severe cases, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat and dizziness (signs of an allergic reaction)

How Are Insect Bites and Stings Diagnosed?

Health care providers can usually identify an insect bite or sting by looking at the affected area and asking about recent outdoor activity. In cases of allergic reactions or infections, additional tests may be needed.

Treatment and Relief

• Wash the area with soap and water to prevent infection.
• Apply ice to reduce swelling and pain.
• Use antihistamines or hydrocortisone cream to relieve itching.
• Take pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
• Remove stingers or ticks carefully using tweezers.
• Seek medical help for severe reactions, signs of infection, or if symptoms worsen.

Preventing Insect Bites and Stings

• Use insect repellent with DEET or a natural equivalent.
• Wear long sleeves and pants in wooded or grassy areas.
• Check for ticks after outdoor activities.
• Keep food covered outdoors to avoid attracting bees and wasps.
• Avoid strong fragrances that attract insects.

Most bites and stings heal on their own with basic first aid. However, those with severe allergies should carry an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) and be cautious outdoors.

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