Dry mouth in older adults: Causes and treatments

Dry mouth is common in older adults. Mouth dryness may have many causes. As you get older, your salivary glands may secrete less saliva. Thirst and your perception of thirst also can change with aging. Thirst receptors in your brain become less responsive to your body's need for fluids. For this reason, older adults are at increased risk of dehydration.

A common, reversible cause of dry mouth is a side effect of medication. Many medications can cause dry mouth, including:

• Antihistamines
• Antidepressants
• High blood pressure medications
• Drugs for urinary incontinence
• Chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer

Talk to your doctor about the possibility that medications you take may cause mouth dryness. Rarely, certain autoimmune disorders, such as Sjogren's syndrome, may cause dry mouth.

Methods to reduce mouth dryness include:

• Sucking on sugar-free lozenges or chewing sugar-free gum, which can stimulate saliva production
• Keeping hydrated by sipping water frequently
• Using a humidifier while you sleep
• Avoiding caffeinated drinks
• Avoiding chewing tobacco

Signs and symptoms of inadequate fluid intake include less frequent urination and dizziness on standing or changing from lying to sitting. These may occur if your thirst mechanism isn't adequately reflecting your fluid needs. Your doctor may recommend a specific plan for fluid intake.