Macrocytosis: What causes it?

Macrocytosis is a term used to describe red blood cells that are larger than normal. It typically causes no signs or symptoms and is usually detected incidentally on routine blood tests.

Macrocytosis isn't a specific disease but may indicate an underlying problem that requires medical evaluation. Common causes of macrocytosis include:

• Vitamin B-12 deficiency
• Folate deficiency
• Liver disease
• Alcoholism
• A side effect of certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs
• Increased red blood cell production by the bone marrow (regeneration) to correct anemia, for example, after blood loss

If you have macrocytosis, blood tests can help determine its cause. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove a sample of your bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside your bones — for testing (bone marrow biopsy and aspiration).

Treatment of macrocytosis is directed at the underlying cause. In the case of vitamin B-12 or folate deficiency, for instance, treatment may include diet modification and dietary supplements or injections. If macrocytosis is caused by severe anemia, a blood transfusion might be necessary.