Blood poisoning (bacteremia)

"Blood poisoning" is not a medical term. It most commonly refers to a bacterial infection in the blood (bacteremia) — and not a poisonous substance in the blood. So "blood poisoning" is really a misnomer.

Bacteria can enter the bloodstream from an intravenous line or an infection on the skin or in deeper body organs and tissues. Those at increased risk of bacteremia include:

• Infants
• People with impaired immune systems

Signs and symptoms of bacteremia may include:

• Sudden, high fever
• Chills
• Rapid heartbeat
• Appearing and feeling seriously ill

A doctor can confirm a diagnosis by:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests

Treatment of bacteremia, which requires hospitalization, may include:

• Intravenous antibiotics
• Intravenous fluids and medications to improve and maintain blood pressure
• Supplemental oxygen when the lungs are affected

Without prompt treatment, bacteremia can quickly progress to a life-threatening infection (sepsis).