Question
What is the definition of a hypertensive crisis? If I notice a spike in my blood pressure, what should I do?
Answer
A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Extremely high blood pressure — above 180/110 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) — damages blood vessels. They become inflamed and may leak fluid or blood. As a result, the heart may not be able to maintain adequate circulation of blood. A hypertensive crisis is divided into two categories: urgent and emergency.
Signs and symptoms of an urgent hypertensive crisis may include:
- Elevated blood pressure
- Severe headache
- Severe anxiety
- Shortness of breath
During an emergency hypertensive crisis, you may experience life-threatening signs and symptoms, such as:
- Fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema)
- Brain swelling or bleeding
- A tear in your aorta (aortic dissection)
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Eclampsia, if you are pregnant.
If you experience a severe increase in your blood pressure (above 180/110 mm Hg), seek immediate medical attention. Treatment for hypertensive crisis may include oral medications, intravenous medications and hospitalization.
Last Updated: 08/29/2007
