Depression in children: How is it treated?

Many years ago, doctors didn't believe that children could experience depression. But mental health experts now know that depression is as common in kids as it is in adults. Early detection and treatment of depression in children is important.

Treatment of depression in children may include psychotherapy and antidepressant medications. Opinions vary as to which form of treatment should be tried first. But a growing body of evidence indicates that for most children the best approach is a combination of both.

Studies show that a form of psychotherapy called short-term cognitive behavior therapy relieves symptoms of depression in many kids. Children who are depressed often have an unhealthy, negative view of themselves and their experiences. Cognitive behavior therapy helps children develop a healthier, more positive view. Research suggests that this type of therapy can be faster and more effective than other types of therapy in some kids.

Even when symptoms of depression go away, a therapist may recommend that a child continue psychotherapy for a time. This may further develop and enhance the child's coping skills — reducing the risk that depression will recur.

Medication also can help. The development of newer antidepressant medications and mood-stabilizing drugs has improved the treatment of depression in children. Medication may be useful when a child:

• Has severe symptoms that likely won't respond to psychotherapy alone
• Doesn't have convenient or timely access to psychotherapy
• Has a psychosis or a bipolar disorder
• Has chronic or recurring depression

It's generally best for a child to keep taking the medication for several months after symptoms of depression go away. This reduces the risk of recurrence.

Some research indicates a link between antidepressants and increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children being treated with these drugs. As a result, in October 2004, the Food and Drug Administration strengthened warnings about antidepressant use in kids — not to prevent their use but to encourage doctors to carefully weigh the risks and benefits before prescribing them.

An important part of treating depression in young people is educating the child and family members about the illness and its treatment.